Electronegativity
The tendency of an atom in a compound to attract a pair of bonded electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity of the atom. It is significant to note that electron affinity and electronegativity both measure the electrons attracting power but the former refers to an isolated gaseous atom while the latter to an atom in a compound. Therefore electron affinity is attraction for a single electron while electronegativity is for a pair of bonded electrons. The electron affinity is energy while electronegativity is a tendency.
The factors affecting value of the electronegativity
(i) The size of an atom.
(ii) Electronic configuration. The small atoms attract electrons more than the larger one and are thus more electronegative. Second, the atoms with nearly filled shell of electrons will tend to posses higher electronegativity than those sparsely occupied ones.
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