Electrical conductors

The substances, which allow the electric current to pass through them, are called as conductors or the electrical conductors. The conductors can be classified into two types,

(1) The conductors which conduct electricity without undergoing any chemical change are called as metallic or electronic conductors.

(2) The conductors which undergo decomposition (a chemical change) when an electric current is passed through them are called as electrolytic conductors or electrolytes.

Electrolytes are further classified into two types on the basis of their strengths,

(i) The substances which almost completely ionize into ions in their aqueous solution are known as strong electrolytes. The degree of ionization for this type of electrolyte is one that is α ≈ 1.                                                   .

For instance :  HCl, H₂SO₄, NaCl, HNO₃, KOH, NaOH, AgNO₃, CuSO₄ etc. means all strong acids, bases and all the types of salts.

(ii) The substances which ionize to the small extent in their aqueous solution are called as weak electrolytes. The degree of ionization for this types of the electrolytes is α<<<1.

For instance : H₂O, CH₃COOH, NH₄OH, HCN, Liq. SO₂, HCOOH etc. means all weak acids and bases.

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