Dual Input, Balanced Output Difference Amplifier:
Circuit is shown in the figure 1 v1 and v2 are the 2 inputs, applied to the bases of Q1 and Q2 transistors. The output voltage can be measured between the 2 collectors C1 and C2, which are at the same DC potentials.
Fig. 1
A.C. Analysis :
In the earlier topic DC analysis has been done to obtain the operating point of two transistors. To find the voltage gain Ad and input resistance Ri of differential amplifier, AC equivalent circuit is drawn by using r-parameters as shown in the figure 2. The DC voltages are reduced to zero and the AC equivalent of CE configuration is used.
Figure 2
As the 2 DC emitter currents are equal. Hence, resistance r'e1 and r'e2 are also equal and designated by r'e . This voltage across each collector resistance is shown 180° out of phase with respect to input voltages v1 and v2. This is identical to CE configuration. The polarity of the output voltage is given in Figure. The collector C2 is supposed to be more positive with respect to the collector C1 even though both are negative with respect to ground.
Applying KVL in 2 loops 1 & 2.
Substituting the current relations,
Again, supposing RS1 / b and RS2 / b are quite small in comparison with RE and re' and thus neglecting these terms,
Solving these 2 equations, ie1 and ie2 can be computed.
The output voltage VO can be given by
VO = VC2 - VC1
= -RC iC2 - (-RC iC1)
= RC (iC1 - iC2)
= RC (ie1 - ie2)
Substituting ie1, & ie2 in above expression
Therefore a differential amplifier amplifies difference between the two input signals. Defining the difference of input signals as vd = v1 - v2 the voltage gain of dual input balanced output differential amplifier can be given as follows
(E-2)
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