DNS (Domain Name Service)
The internet mainly uses IP addresses for locating nodes. On the other hand, its humanly not possible for us to keep track of the several important nodes as numbers. Alphabetical names as we see would be additional convenient to remember than the numbers as we are more familiar with words. Therefore, in the chaotic organization of numbers (IP addresses) we would be much thankful if we can use familiar sounding names for nodes on the network.
There is also another motivation for DNS. All the related information about a specific network (usually maintained by an organization, firm or university) ought to be available at one place. The organization ought to have complete control over what it includes in its network and how does it "organize" its network. In the meantime, all this information should be available transparently to the outside world.
Theoretically, the internet is splited into several hundred top level domains where all domain covers many hosts. All domain is partitioned in subdomains which may be further partitioned into subsubdomains and so on... As a result the domain space is partitioned in a tree like structure as shown below. It ought to be noted that this tree hierarchy has nothing in common with the IP address hierarchy or organization.
The internet is using a hierarchical tree structure of Domain Name Servers for IP address resolution of a host name.
The top level domains are either generic or names of countries. For example of generic top level domains are .net .com .int .edu .mil .gov .org etc. For countries we have 1 entry for each country as defined in ISO3166. eg. .in (India) .uk (United Kingdom).
The leaf nodes of this tree are target machines. Clearly we would have to ensure that the names in a row in a subdomain are only one of its kind. The max length of any name between two dots can be sixty three characters. The absolute address should not be more than two hundred fifty five characters. Domain names are case insensitive. Also in a name only digits, letters and hyphen are allowed.
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