The dissociation constants of Bases and acids

(1) Dissociation constant for weak acid: Consider the acid HA which, when dissolved in the water ionizes as,

Applying law of mass action, 

Here, K_a is the dissociation constant of acid, HA It has constant value at the particular temperature and does not change with the change of concentration.

Dissociation Constant for the polybasic acid: Polybasic acids ionize stepwise as, for instance, orthophosphoric acid ionizes in the three basic steps and each step exhibits its own ionization constant.

Let K₁, K₂ and K₃ be ionization constants of the first, second and the third steps respectively.

In general, K_1> K_2> K₃

The overall dissociation constant K can be given by the relation,

K = K₁ * K₂ * K₃                     

       (2) Dissociation constant for the weak base : The equilibrium of the NH₄OH (which is a weak base) can be represented as,

Applying law of mass action, 

K_b is the constant at a specific temperature and does not change with change of the concentration.

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