Digital Certificates:
Digital certificates are similar to the ‘online passports' issued by certification authorities. Certification authorities are entities that validate identities and issue certificates. They can be either independent third parties or organizations running their own certificate issuing server software (such as Netscape Certificate Server). Digital certificates play the role of identity verification certificates and are used as a security measure that guarantees the recipient's identity to the sender or vice-versa. Digital certificates cannot be forged or tampered with. They can be used for authentication and for protecting online data from theft and tampering.
There are two types of digital certificates, namely, server certificates and personal certificates. Server certificates are used to authenticate the identity of websites, to make sure that there is no impersonation. They facilitate the exchange of personal information like credit card numbers among website visitors. Server certificates are a necessity for e-commerce sites that facilitate the exchange of confidential information among customers, vendors, and clients. Personal certificates are used to authenticate the identity of visitors and restrict their access to specific content. These certificates are suitable for business to business (B2B) transactions like inventory management, updating product availability, shipping dates, and so on.
The working of digital certificates is based on private/public key technology. Each of these keys is a unique encryption device. Since no two keys are ever similar, these keys can be used to find out the identity of the user. These keys always work in pairs. The private key is kept secret while the public key is distributed among the different users who want to communicate. Whatever data is encrypted by the public key can only be decrypted by the private key. The certification authority distributes public keys to people and organizations and verifies the authenticity of the people associated with public keys. A digital certificate along with the public key contains information about the customer like email ID, full name, and so on. It is a digitally signed message that is typically used to attest the validity of a public key of an entity.
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