Diagonal relationship of Be with Al

Because of its small size Be differs from other earth alkaline earth metals but resembles in many of its properties with Al on account of diagonal relationship.

         (1) Be²⁺ and Al³⁺ have almost same and smaller size and thus favour for covalent bonding. 

         (2) Both these form covalent compounds having low melting point and soluble in organic solvent.

     (3) Both have same value of electronegativity (which is 1.5).

         (4) The standard O.P of these elements are quite close to each other ; Be²⁺=1.69 volts and Al³⁺= 1.70 volts.

         (5) Both become passive on treating with concentrated HNO₃ in cold.

         (6) Both form many stable complexes for example (BeF₃)^-, (AlH₄)^-.

         (7) Like BeO, Al₂O₃ is amphoteric in nature. Also both are high melting point solids.

         Al₂O₃ + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO₂ + H₂O

         Al₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂O

         (8) Be and Al both react with NaOH to liberate H₂ forming beryllates and alluminates.

            Be + 2NaOH → Na₂BeO₂+H₂

            2Al + 6NaOH → 2Na₃AlO₃ + 3H₂

         (9) Be₂ C and Al₄C₃ both provides CH₄ on treating with the water.

            Be₂C+ 2H₂O → CH₄ + 2BeO

            Al₄C₃ + 6H₂O → 3CH₄ + 2Al₂O₃ 

         (10) These both occur together in the nature in the ore of beryl, 3BeO. Al₂O_3. 6SiO₂.

         (11) Unlike other alkaline earths but such as aluminium, beryllium is not effortlessly attacked by air (Also Mg is not attacked by the air)

         (12) Both Be and Al react very slowly with dilute HCl to liberate H₂.

         (13) Both Be and Al form polymeric covalent hydrides while hydrides of other alkaline earth are ionic.

         (14) BeCl₂ and AlCl₃ are both prepared is the similar way.

            BeO+ C+ Cl₂  → BeCl₂ + CO

             Al₂O₃ + 3C +3Cl₂ → 2AlCl₃ + 3CO

         (15) Both BeCl₂ and AlCl₃ are soluble in organic solvents and act as catalyst in Friedel -Crafts reaction.

         (16) Be (OH)₂ and Al (OH)₃ are both amphoteric whereas hydroxides of other alkaline earths are  strong alkali.

         (17) The salts of Be and Al are extensively hydrated.

         (18) BeCl₂ and AlCl₃ both have a bridged polymeric structure.

         (19) Be and Al both form fluoro complex ions [BeF₄]^2- and [AlF₆]^3- in solution state whereas other members of 2nd group do not form such complexes.

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