Diagonal relationship
Certain elements of second period show similarity with their diagonal elements in the third period as shown below :
Group 1 Group 2 Group 13 Group 14
Second period Li Be B C
Third period Na Mg Al Si
Therefore, Li resembles Mg, Be resembles Al and B resembles Si. This is known as diagonal relationship and is because of the reason that these pairs of element have almost identical ionic radii and polarizing power (that is charge/size ratio). Element of the second period are known as the bridge elements.
Anomalous behaviour of the first elements of a group: The first element of a group differs considerably from its congeners (i.e. the rest of the element of its group). This is due to (i) small size (ii) high electronegativity and (iii) non availability of d-orbitals for bonding. The anomalous behaviour can be observed among the second row elements (i.e. Li to F).
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