The methods of determination of atomic mass

         (i)            Dulong and Pettit's method : According to the Dulong and Pettit's law

         Atomic mass * Specific heat = 6.4 (approx.)

         Atomic mass (approx.)  =    

         This law can be applied to solid elements only except Be, B, C and Si because their specific heat is variable with temperature.

         Atomic mass = Equivalent mass * Valency

        

(ii) The vapour density method: It is suitable for elements whose chlorides are volatile.

         Valency of the element

         Atomic mass = Equivalent mass of metal * Valency

(iii) Specific heat method : This is suitable for gases only. The two types of specific heats of gases are C_P (at constant pressure) and C_V (at constant volume). Their ratio is known as g whose value is constant (1.66 for monoatomic, 1.40 for the diatomic and 1.33 for the triatomic gases).

(iv) Isomorphism method : It is based on the law of isomorphism which states that compounds having identical crystal structure have similar constitution and chemical formulae.

         Example :   

                                           and

(valency of S, Cr, Se = 6),

(valency of Zn, Mg, Fe = 2).

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