Degree of unsaturation : The number of degree of unsaturation in a hydrocarbon is given by (2n₁ + 2 -n₂)/ 2,

Where n₁ is the number of carbon atoms; n₂ is the number of hydrogen atoms.

         For example in C₆H₁₂, the degree of unsaturation is = (2 * 6 + 2 -12)/2 = 1

         Tests of unsaturation

         (a) Baeyer's reagent : It is 1% KMnO₄ solution containing sodium carbonate. It has pink colour. An aqueous solution of the element, a few drops of Baeyer's reagent are included, the pink colour of the solution disappears. The decolourisation of pink colour indicates the presence of unsaturation in the compound.

• Alkene without any hydrogen molecules on the carbon forming the double bond    don't show this test.

         (b) Bromine- carbon tetrachloride test : The compound is dissolved in carbon tetrachloride or chloroform and then a few drops of 5% bromine solution in carbon tetrachloride are included to it, the colour of bromine disappears.  It shows the existence of unsaturation.

• This test also not pass in the type of alkene of the  .

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