Database Development:
Databases are developed in order to meet the objective of ensuring effective data management. Refer to Exhibit 8.2 for evaluation criteria of a typical DBMS. Broadly, the database development process is divided into the following phases - database planning and modeling, database design, database implementation and maintenance.
Database planning and modeling
First, there is an investigation to identify the data types and quality for incorporation into a database. In the data planning process, the DBA designs an enterprise model that defines the primary business processes in the organization. Both end users and executives are consulted during the process of database planning. In the next step, the end users identify key data elements in business processes and also the relationship between these entities. An Entity Relationship (ER) diagram is then designed. A conceptual data model is then formed. This model accounts for all the basic facts and constraints under which the database will have to operate and it is particularly concerned with relationships between different entities and their attributes.
Database design
In this phase, a design for the DBMS is created, to be used for database implementation. This phase involves conceptual, logical, and physical design of the database. In the conceptual design, all information is represented in the form of high-level models. Logical designing transforms the conceptual model into a data model. The physical design determines the data storage structures and access methods.
Database implementation and maintenance
In database implementation, the hardware, software, the file sizes, and their organization are decided upon. The actual data is also created in this phase. Database maintenance involves continuous monitoring and evaluation of the performance of the database, followed by enhancements to the earlier proposed design in order to fine-tune the performance.
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