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Cyclotron is a device used to accelerated positively charged particles (like, a-particles, deutrons etc.) to acquire enough energy to carry out nuclear disintegration etc. t is based on the fact that the electric field accelerates a charged particle and the magnetic field keeps it revolving in circular orbits of constant frequency. Thus a small potential difference would impart if enormously large velocities if the particle is made to traverse the potential difference a number of times.
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It consists of two hollow D-shaped metallic chambers D1 and D2 called dees. The two dees are stable horizontally with a small gap separating them. The dees are interconnected to the source of high frequency electric field. The dees are packed in a metal box containing a gas at a low pressure of the order of 10-3 mm mercury. The entire apparatus is placed between the two poles of a strong electromagnet NS as shown in fig. The magnetic field acts perpendicular to the plane of the dees.
Hall effect: The Phenomenon of producing a transverse emf in a current carrying conductor on applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of the current is called Hall effect.
Hall Effect gives us to know the nature and number of charge carriers in a conductor.
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Negatively charged particles
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Positively charged particles
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Consider a conductor having electrons as current carriers. The electrons move with drift velocity V opposite to the direction of flow of current force
acting on electron  This force acts along x-axis and hence electrons will move towards face (2) and it becomes negatively charged.
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Let the current carriers be positively charged holes. The hole move in the direction of current
Force operating on the hole due to magnetic field  force acts along x-axis and hence holes move towards face (2) and it becomes positively charged.
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