A current carrying circular coil behaves as a bar magnet whose magnetic moment is M = NiA; Where N = Number of turns in the coil, i = Current through the coil and A = Area of the coil
Magnetic field of a current carrying coil is a vector and it's direction is given by right hand thumb rule
Behaviour of Current loop In a Magnetic Field
(1) Torque :Consider a rectangular current carrying coil PQRS having N turns and area A, placed in a uniform field B, in such a way that the normal to the coil makes an angle q with the direction of B. the coil experiences a torque given by t = NBiA sinq . Vectorially
(i) t is zero when θ = 0, i.e., when the plane of the coil is perpendicular to the field.
(ii) t is maximum when θ =90o, i.e., the plane of the coil is parallel to the field.
The above expression is valid for coils of all shapes.
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(2) Workdone : If coil is rotated through an angle q from it's equilibrium position then required work. It is maximum when θ = 180o => Wmax = 2 MB
(3) Potential energy : Is given by U = - MB cosθ
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