Current

Current is defined as the motion of charge through the conducting material. The unit of current is Ampere while the charge is measured in Coulombs.

Definition of an Ampere

"The quantity of total electric charge which passes through an arbitrary cross section of the conducting material per unit second is called as Ampere."

Mathematically,

Here I is the current in amperes (A), Q is the symbol of charge measured in Coulombs (C), and t is the time in seconds. The current can be defined as the rate of charge passing through the point in an electric circuit that is

A constant current (also called as direct current or DC) is denoted by symbol I whereas a time-varying current is represented by symbol i or i(t).

Current is measured always by a circuit element.

Figure drawn below demonstrates the use of an ampere-meter or ammeter in series with the circuit element, R, to measure the current through it. Varying current (also called as alternating current or AC) can be represented by the symbol i or i(t).

Current is measured always through the circuit element. Figure drawn below demonstrates the use of an ampere-meter or ammeter in series with a circuit element, R, to measure current through it.

Figure: An ammeter is connected in series to measure current, I, through the element, R.

Example

Determine current in a circuit if the charge of 80 coulombs (C) passes a given point in the 20 seconds (s).

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