Creating and Using Objects:

Although we have not yet completed the definition of the Robot class, let us have a look at how the partial definition so far could be used.

We saw that objects have a state, methods and a name (loosely speaking). We now make the concept of an object name more precise. If we want to have a Robot object accessed by the identifier artoo, we declare a variable as follows:

Robot artoo;

This declares a variable called artoo, which can be used to access a Robot object. It is very important to realize that this declaration does not create a Robot object. To create an object we use the keyword new, for example:

artoo = new Robot();

This statement allocates memory space for the data stored by a Robot object. The variable artoo is said to reference the Robot object.

It is possible to combine the two previous statements into one statement that declares a variable, creates an object and sets the variable to reference the object, as follows:

Robot artoo = new Robot();

To declare variables and create objects for three robots, we would need the following code:

Robot artoo;
Robot deetoo;
Robot meetoo;
artoo = new Robot();
deetoo = new Robot();
meetoo = new Robot();

Following these statements, we can now invoke methods on the newly created objects, using the syntax we have seen earlier. For example: 

artoo.moveNorth();
meetoo.moveEast();

Executing these methods will cause the Robot objects referenced by artoo and meetoo to move one grid square to the north and one grid square to the east respectively.

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