Compression Standards
MPEG stands for the "Moving PictureExperts Group". Where MPEG is an ISO/IEC working group which is established in 1988 to develop standards for digital audio and video formats. There are 5 MPEG standards being used or in development. every compression standard was designed with a specific application and bit rate in mind, although MPEG compression scales fine with increased bit rates. They comprise of:
MPEG-1
Designed for up to 1.5 Mbit/sec
Standard for the compression of moving images and audio. This was based on CD-ROM video applications, and is a popular standard for video on the all over the Internet, transmitted as .mpg files. In addition, level 3 of MPEG-1 is the most popular standard for digital compression of audio-known for example MP3. MPEG-1 is the standard of compression for the VideoCD and most popular video distribution format throughout much of Asia.
MPEG-2
Designed for between 1.5 and 15 Mbit/sec
Standard on which Digital Television set top boxes and DVD compression is based.Generally, It is based on MPEG-1, but it is designed for the compression and transmission of digital broadcast television. The main enhancement from MPEG-1 is its ability to efficiently compress interlaced video. MPEG-two scales well to HDTV resolution and bit rates, obviating the need for an old MPEG-3.
MPEG-4
Standard for multimedia and Web compression. MPEG-4 is mainly based on object-based compression. Individual objects within a picture are tracked separately and compressed together to create an MPEG4 file. This results in very well-organized compression that is very scalable, from little bit rates to extremely high. It also allows developers to deal with objects independently in a scene, and as a result introduce interactivity.
JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. It is also an ISO/IEC operational group, but works to make standards for continuous tone image coding. JPEG is a lossy compression scheme used for full-color or gray-scale images, by exploiting the truth that the human eye will not notice small color changes.
JPEG 2000 is an scheme that will provide an image coding system using compression techniques based on the use of wavelet technology.
DV is a high-resolution digital video format used with video cameras and camcorders. The standard uses DCT to squeeze the pixel data and is a form of lossy compression. The output video stream is transferred from the recording device via FireWire (IEEE 1394), a high-speed serial bus capable of transferring data up to 50 MB/sec.
H.261 is an ITU standard designed for two-way communication over ISDN lines (video conferencing) and supports data rates which are multiples of sixty four Kbit/s. The algorithm is based on DCT and could be implemented in hardware or software and uses intraframe and interframe compression. H.261 supports CIF and also QCIF resolutions.
H.263 is based on H.261 with enhancements that improve video quality over modems. It normally supports CIF, QCIF, SQCIF, 4CIF and 16CIF resolutions.
Lossy compression - It generally reduces a file by permanently eliminating certain redundant information, so that even when the file is uncompressed, only a part of the original information is still there.
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