Sodium carbonate or washing soda, Na₂CO₃

         It is present in various forms, namely anhydrous sodium carbonate Na₂CO₂ (soda-ash); monohydrate Na₂CO₃.10H₂O (crystal carbonate); hyptahydrate Na₂CO₃.10H₂O  and decahydrate Na₂CO₃.10H₂O (washing soda or sal soda).

         Preparation : (a) Solvay process : In this process, brine (NaCl), NH3 and CO₂ are the raw materials.

         CaCl₂ so formed in the above reaction is a by product of solvay process.

         Properties

         It does not decompose on funrther heating even to redness (m.pt. 853°C)

         (b) It is soluble in the water with considerable evolution of heat which is shown in reaction

         (c) It is easily decomposed by acids with evolution of CO₂ gas.

         (d)

         Uses : In the textile and petroleum refining, Manufacturing of the glass, NaOH soap powders etc.

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