Compounds of mercury:

(A) Mercuric oxide, HgO: the first compound of mercury is Mercuric oxide, HgO. It is acquired as a red solid by heating mercury in air or oxygen for very long time at 673 K

Equation:

or via heating the mercuric nitrate alone or in existence of the Hg (mercury)

Equation:

While NaOH is added to a solution of HgCl₂, yellow precipitate of HgO are acquired.

Reaction is as follow:

Red and yellow types of HgO are different only in their particle size. On heating to the temperature that is of 673 K, yellow form changes to red form.

the equation for this is as follow:

It is taken as a mild antiseptic in the ointments or in the oil paints.

(B) Mercuric chloride, HgCl₂ : It is acquired by treating Hg along with Cl₂ or via heating a mixture of NaCl and HgSO₄ in existence of small amount of Mn₂O (that oxidises any Hg(I) salts that is made during the reaction).

Reaction is as follow:

It is a white crystalline solid and is generally termed as corrosive sublimate. It is the covalent compound because it dissolves in organic solvents such as ether and ethanol.

It is very poisonous and reason for death. The most excellent antidote of it is white of an egg.

It is while treated along with the stannous chloride, first gets reduced to white precipitate of mercurous chloride and after that to mercury (black).

Explained as:

With ammonia it provides a white ppt. termed as infusible white precipitate.

That is explained below in the equation:

A dilute solution of HgCl₂ is employed like an antiseptic.

(C) Mercuric iodide, HgI₂^­ : It is acquired while a needed amount of KI solution is added to a solution of HgCl₂.

Reaction for above is as follow:

Beneath 400 K, Hgl₂ is red but higher than the temperature that is of 400 K, it turns yellow

Hgl₂ simply dissolves in the excess of KI solution to make the (HgI4)₂^- complex ion.

Explained like this:

An alkaline solution of K₂[HgI₄] is termed as Nessler's reagent and is employed to test NH₄⁺ ions.

It provides a brown ppt. of NH₂-Hg-O-Hg-I (Iodide of Millon's base) along with NH₄⁺ ions.

Equation for the above process is as follow:

This is employed in ointments that are used for treating the skin infections.

(D) Mercurous chloride, Hg₂Cl₂ : It is acquired like :

(a)

(b)    (condenses on cooling)

It is purified by sublimation.

Mercurous chloride is as well called calomel. It is a white powder that is insoluble in H₂O. It decomposes to provide HgCl₂ and Hg , on heating,.

That is explained like this:

It gets dissolved in chlorine water creating mercuric chloride.

It turns black in color because of the formation of a mixture of finely divided black Hg and mercuric amino chloride, along with the ammonia.

Explained as follow:

It is used to make standard calomel electrode and like the purgative in medicine.

(E) Mercuric sulphide, HgS : The solubility product of HgS is lower as compared that of ZnS and therefore it gets precipitated since black solid while H₂S is passed by an acidic solution of any mercury (II) salt.

Equation:

It is not soluble in water and HCl but dissolves in aqua regia (1 part conc. HNO₃ and 3 parts conc. HCl)

The color varies to red and therefore it is used like a red pigment, on the sublimation of it.

(F) Mercuric sulphate, HgSO₄ : It is acquired while HgS is treated along with conc.H₂SO₄ (Sulfuric acid).

Explained as follow:

This is a white solid which decomposes on heating to provide mercurous sulphate.

It is employed like a catalyst in the hydration of alkynes to provide aldehydes or ketones. It can as well be used like a cosmetic in the name Vermillon and in ayurvedic medicine like makardhwaj.

(G) Amalgams: Mercury makes alloys that are generally known as amalgams, with all metals apart from iron and platinum. Hence it is transported in iron containers.

(H) Alloy of transition metal: it is described in the table that is discussed before in metallurgy.

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