Components of a Database System:
A database system has five major components namely: data, hardware, software, procedures, and users.
Data
In a database, data relates to raw facts. For example, the details of a particular employee like name, age, address, qualification, etc., are all raw facts, or in other words, data. The data stored in the system is partitioned into one or more databases. A database is a repository of stored data. It can be either integrated or shared. An integrated database is a collection of related tables. A shared database is one in which data in a particular table can be used by other tables in the database.
Hardware
The hardware components of a database system consist of physical devices. These include control units, secondary storage devices like hard disks, drums, etc. in which the database resides, and other related devices that form a part of the hardware.
Software
The software acts as an interface between the hardware components of the database system and the users. The software components of a database system include the operating system, the applications software, the utility software, and the DBMS. The DBMS is the software layer in the database system. All requests from users for accessing the database are handled by the DBMS. The requests include adding, removing, retrieving, and updating data in files or tables. The DBMS serves as an interface between the users and the hardware.
Procedures
Procedures refer to a series of steps that indicate or show how to perform tasks. A database system consists of a list of procedures. These procedures are the rules and instructions that govern the use of the database.
Users
The users are the most important components of the database system. In a database system, users can be classified into three broad groups. These are the application programmers, the database administrators, and the end users.
Application programmers: The application programmers are the ones who write application programs. These programs are written in languages such as COBOL, C, or Pascal. The application programs retrieve existing information, insert new information, and delete or make modifications to the existing information in the database.
Database administrators: The database administrators or DBAs provide the necessary technical support for implementing the strategic and policy decisions related to the data in an organization. DBAs are the specialists who are in charge of the databases in the organization. They create the actual database. They are also responsible for ensuring that the system performance is optimized. They interact with users and ensure that the required data is made available to them. DBAs are also responsible for the backup and recovery of a database.
End users: The end users are those who interact with the database system through computer terminals. An end user can access the database via online applications or can use an interface provided by the database system software. For example, end users use SQL, a database query language, for interacting with the database system.
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