Comparison of Alkyl Cyanides and Alkyl Isocyanides
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Test
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Ethyl cyanide
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Ethyl isocyanide
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Smell
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Strong but pleasant
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Extremely unpleasant
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Dipole moment
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More (» 4D)
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Less (» 3D)
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B.P.
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98°C(i.e. High)
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78°C (i.e. low)
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Solubility in water.
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Soluble
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Insoluble
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Hydrolysis with acids
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Gives propionic acid (Acid, in general)
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Give ethyl amine (1° amine, in general)
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Hydrolysis with alkalies
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Same as above
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No action
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Reduction
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Gives propylamine (1° amine, in general)
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Gives ethylmethyl amine (2° amine, in general)
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Stephen's reaction
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Gives propionaldehyde (Aldehyde, in general)
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Does not occur
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Heating (250°C)
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No effect
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Ethyl cyanide is formed
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