Common ion effect

The degree of dissociation of the electrolyte (which is weak) is suppressed by the addition of another electrolyte (strong) having a common ion, this is called as common ion effect. Acetic acid is the weak electrolyte and its ionisation is suppressed in presence of a strong acid (H⁺ ion as the common ion) or the strong salt such as sodium acetate (acetate ion is the common ion). Likewise, the addition of the NH₄Cl or NaOH to NH₄OH solution will suppress dissociation of NH₄OH due to the common ion either NH₄⁺ or OH^-.

As a result of the common ion effect, the concentration of the ion of the weak electrolyte which is not common in the two electrolytes is decreased. The utilization of this phenomenon is made in qualitative analysis to adjust concentration of the S^2- ions in second group and OH^- ion concentration in the third group.

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