Co-ordinate covalent or Dative bond:

This is a unique kind of covalent bond where the shared pair of the electrons is contributing by one species merely however shared by both of them. The atom that contributes the electrons is termed as the donors (i.e., Lewis base) whereas the other which merely shares electron pair is termed as the acceptor (i.e., Lewis acid). This bond is generally symbolized by the arrow (→) indicating from donor to an acceptor atom.

BF₃ molecule, boron is the small, out of two electrons. Therefore as to complete its octet, it contributes the lone pair of the nitrogen in ammonia making a dative bond.

Illustrations:

H₂O_2, CO, N2O, N₂O₃, N₂O₄, HNO₃, SO₂, SO₃, H₃PO₄, H₄P₂O₇, H₂SO₄, Al₂Cl₆, O₃ and so forth.

Characteristics of co-ordinate covalent compound:

(A) Melting and boiling points of compounds are very higher than purely covalent compounds and lesser than the purely ionic compounds.

(B) These are cautiously soluble in polar solvent such as water however eagerly soluble in non-polar solvents.

(C) Identical to covalent compounds, such are as well bad conductors of electricity. Their solutions or amalgamated masses do not allow the passageway to the electricity.

(D) The bond is pretty firm and directional. Hence, coordinate compounds exhibit isomerism.

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