The Classification of element on the basis of Electronic configuration

In accordance to Bohr the element have been grouped into four types

(1) Inert gases : These atom have been full fill outer most s and p subshell and having the configuration ns² np⁶ (Exception helium having 1s²) due to stable configuration these element do not show chemical activity under normal condition and thus termed as inert gases. As per the special conditions, the higher members forms some compounds with other elements and hence, the name has been altered to Noble gases. Six elements He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn belongs to this group.

(2) Representative or normal elements : Element in which atom have all shells complete except outermost shell which is incomplete. The number of electrons in the outermost shell varies from 1 to 7 that is the configuration of the outermost shell varies from ns¹ to ns²np⁵. These consist of some metals, all non metals and metalloid. These are elements which are found in the nature in abundance and active in nature. On this account, these elements are called as representative elements. All the three kinds of valencies are observed in the case of these elements. These elements have one of the below stated configuration in their outermost shell.

Number of the electrons present in outermost shell shows the group to which these elements belong.

(3) Transition elements : In the atoms of these elements the outermost shell and the penultimate shell (Next to the outermost) are incomplete. These elements have the general configuration (n-1)d^1-9 ns^{0 or t or 2} either in the ground state or in excited state. These elements are present in IV^th, V^th, V^th and VII^th period of periodic table and called transition elements. There are four transition series every series consists 9 elements each.

(4) Inner transition elements : Atoms of these elements have three outermost shell incomplete. The general configuration is   (n-2)f^t-14(n-1)d^{0 or t}ns². There are two series of elements.

(i) Lanthanides or rare earths from Ce(58) to Lu(71).(ii) Actinides from Th(90) to Lr(103)

Each series consists of 14 elements i.e. in the lanthanides, 4f is gradually filled up while in actinides, 5f is gradually filled up.

The properties of these elements are similar to transition elements. Members of the actinide series are radioactive and majority of them are not found in nature. Elements from the atomic number of 93 onwards are termed as transuranic elements and have been discovered artificial means.

In this classification the element, Cd, Zn, and Hg have not been included in any of four groups of elements. The elements such as Lu and Lr of the inner transition group posses (n-2)f shell complete consisting 14 electron hence their inclusion in this group is not justified.

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