Citric Acid Or 2-Hydroxypropane Or 1,2,3-Tri Carboxylic Acid Or β-Hydroxy Tricarballylic Acid
It occurs in the juice of citrus fruits such as lemon, galgal, orange, lime, etc. Lemon juice contains 6-10% of citric acid.
Methods of Preparation
(i) By Fermentation : Citric acid is obtained by carrying fermentation of dilute solution of molasses with micro-organism, Aspergillus nigar, at 26-28°C for 7 to 10 days. The resulting solution is neutralised with Ca(OH)2 to form insoluble precipitate, calcium citrate. It is decomposed by dilute H2SO4. The Ca2SO4 is filtered off and the solution is concentrated under vacuum to get crystals of citric acid.
(ii) By Lemon juice : It is also obtained from lemon juice. The juice is boiled to coagulate proteins. From clear solution, citric acid is obtained as calcium salt with Ca(OH)2.
(iii) By synthetic method
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