Selecting from FIR and IIR filters
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IIR Filter
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FIR Filter
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Use IIR when the only important
needs are
1. maximum cutoff frequency and
2. Larger throughput as IIR filters, especially those taking elliptic characteristics, will have fewer coefficients than FIR
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Use FIR if
1. the number of function is not a problem and
2. in particular, if very little or no phase distortion is required
Some DSP procedures have architectures that are designed for FIR filters.
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The selection between FIR and IIR filters relays largely on the relative advantages of the two kinds of filters.
(1) Linear phase FIR filters may have exactly linear phase response. That means no phase distortion. That is a very important need in, for example, biomedicine, data transmission digital audio, and image processing.
The phase response of IIR filters is nonlinear, normally at the band edges.
(2) Stability FIR filters derived non-recursively are always stable. The stability of IIR filters may not always be guaranteed.
(3) The effects of finite word size such as round off noise and element quantization errors are much less occurred in FIR than in IIR.
(4) FIR needs more coefficients for sharp cut-off filters than IIR. Thus for a provided amplitude response specification, more storage and processing time can be required for FIR implementation. However, one may readily take advantage of the calculation speed of the FFT and multirate methods to improve significantly the efficiency of FIR implementation.
(5) Analog filters may be readily changed into equivalent IIR digital filters meeting same specifications. That is not possible with FIR filters as they have no analog counter-part. However, with FIR it is simpler to synthesize filters of arbitrary frequency response.
(6) In general, FIR is algebraically very difficult to synthesize, if CAD support is not given.
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