Chemical Properties
(i) Basic nature (Salt formation): It behaves as a weak monoacid base (Kb = 1.5 * 10-14). It forms solt with strong acid.
Urea is a stronger base than ordinary amide. It is because of the resonance stabilization of cation, the negatively charged oxygen atom is capable of coordination with one proton.
q An aqueous solvent of urea is neutral.
(ii) Hydrolysis
An enzyme, urease, present in soyabean and soil also brings hydrolysis .
(iii) Action of heat
Urea is identified by the test known as biuret test. The biuret residue is dissolved in water and made alkaline with a few drops of NaOH. When a part of copper sulphate solution is added to the alkaline solution of biuret, a violet colouration is produced.
when heated rapidly at 170o C, polymerisation takes place:
(iv) Reaction with nitrous acid
(v) Reaction with ethanol
(vi) Reaction with chlorine water
(vii) Dehydration
(viii) Reaction with fuming sulphuric acid
(ix) Formation of cyclic ureides
(x) Reaction with formaldehyde
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