Chemical Properties : They give reactions of carbon-carbon double bonds and ester groups.
(i) Hydrolysis
(a) By superheated steam
(b) Base hydrolysis [Saponification]
(c) Enzyme hydrolysis : Enzyme like lipase, when added to an emulsion of fat in water, hydrolyses it into acid and glycerol in about two or three days.
(ii) Hydrogenation : In the presence of finally divided nickel, at low pressure the hydrogenation process is called hardening of oils.
(iii) Hydrogenolysis [Reduction to alcohol]
(iv) Drying : Certain oils, containing glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids having two or three double bonds have the tendency of slowly absorbing oxygen from atmosphere and undergoing polymerisation to form hard transparent coating. This process is known as drying and such oils are called drying oils. Unsaturated oils such as linseed oil are, therefore, used as medium of paints and varnishes.
(v) Rancidification : On long storage in contact with air and moisture, oils and fats develop unpleasant smell. The process is known as rancidification. It is believed that rancidification occurs due to hydrolysis-oxidation.
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