Chemical properties
(i) Hydrolysis :
Hydrolysis of ester by alkalies (NaOH) is known as saponification and leads to the formation of soaps
- This reaction (saponification) is irreversible because a resonance stabilized carboxylate (acetate) ion is formed.
- The acid hydrolysis of esters is reversible.
(ii) Reaction with ammonia (ammonolysis) :
(iii) Reduction
- Reduction in presence of Na/C2H5OH is known as Bouveault Blanc reduction.
- The catalytic hydrogenation of ester is not easy and requires high temperature and pressure. The catalyst most commonly used is a mixture of oxides known as copper chromate (CuO.CuCr2O4).
(iv) Reaction with PCl5 or SOCl2
(v) Reaction with alcohols : On refluxing ester undergoes exchange of alcohols residues.
- This reaction is called trans esterification or alcoholysis.
(vi) Reaction with Grignard reagents
(vii) Claisen condensation
(viii) Reaction with hydrazine
(ix) Halogenation
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