Chemical properties of Chloroform
(i) Oxidation :
Phosgene is extremely poisonous gas. To utilize chloroform as an anaesthetic agent, it is compulsory to save the above reaction. The given two precautions are taken when chloroform is stored.
(a) It is placed in dark black or brown coloured bottles, which are filled upto the brim.
(b) 1% ethyl alcohol is added. This retards the oxidation and converts the phosgene formed into harmless ethyl carbonate.
(ii) Reduction :
(iii) Chlorination :
(iv) Hydrolysis :
(v) Nitration : The hydrogen of the chloroform is replaced by nitro group when it is treated with concentrated nitric acid. The product created is trichloronitro or chloropicrin methane or nitro chloroform. It is a liquid, poisonous and needed as an insecticide and a war gas.
(vi) Heating with silver powder :
(vii) Condensation with acetone : Chloroform condenses with acetone on heating in presence of caustic alkalies. The product formed is a colourless crystalline solid called chloretone and is used as hypnotic in medicine.
(viii) Reaction with sodium ethoxide :
(ix) Reimer-Tiemann reaction :
(x) Carbylamine reaction (Isocyanide test) : This reaction is actually the test of primary amines. Chloroform, when temperature with primary amine in presence of alcoholic potassium hydroxide forms a derivative called isocyanide which has a very offensive smell.
This reaction is also used for the test of chloroform.
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