Chemical properties
(i) Addition reaction: The carbonyl group is polar as oxygen is more electronegative than carbon,
![968_chemical properties of benzaldehyde.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/968_chemical properties of benzaldehyde.png)
Thus, the positive part of the polar reagent always goes to the carbonyl oxygen and negative part goes to carbonyl carbon.
However on reduction with sodium amalgam and water, it gives hydrobenzoin,
(ii) Clemmensen's reduction : With amalgamated zinc and conc. HCl, benzaldehyde is reduced to toluene.
(iii) Schiff's reaction: It restores pink colour to Schiff's reagent (aqueous solution of p-rosaniline hydrochloride decolourised by passing sulphur dioxide).
(iv) Tischenko reaction : On heating benzaldehyde with aluminium alkoxide (ethoxide) and a little of anhydrous AlCl3 or ZnCl2, it undergoes an intermolecular oxidation and reduction (like aliphatic aldehydes) to form acid and alcohol respectively as such and react to produce benzyl benzoate (an ester).
![251_chemical properties of benzaldehyde3.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/251_chemical properties of benzaldehyde3.png)
(v) Reactions in which benzaldehyde differs from aliphatic aldehydes
(a) With fehling's solution : No reaction
(b) Action of chlorine : Benzoyl chloride is formed when chlorine is passed through benzaldehyde at its boiling point in absence of halogen carrier. This is because in benzaldehyde there is no α-hydrogen atom present which could be replaced by chlorine.
![1671_chemical properties of benzaldehyde4.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/1671_chemical properties of benzaldehyde4.png)
(c) Cannizzaro's reaction : ![1144_chemical properties of benzaldehyde5.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/1144_chemical properties of benzaldehyde5.png)
(d) Benzoin Condensation
(β-hydroxy ketone)
(e) Perkin's reaction
(f) Claisen condensation [Claisen-schmidt reaction]
![772_chemical properties of benzaldehyde8.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/772_chemical properties of benzaldehyde8.png)
(g) Knoevenagel reaction
![2018_chemical properties of benzaldehyde9.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/2018_chemical properties of benzaldehyde9.png)
(h) Reaction with aniline : Benzaldehyde reacts with aniline and forms Schiff's base
![187_chemical properties of benzaldehyde10.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/187_chemical properties of benzaldehyde10.png)
(i) Reformatsky reaction
![1599_chemical properties of benzaldehyde11.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/1599_chemical properties of benzaldehyde11.png)
(k) Reaction of benzene ring
![473_chemical properties of benzaldehyde12.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/473_chemical properties of benzaldehyde12.png)
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