Chemical properties : The alkyl halides are highly reactive, the sequence of reactivity is,
Iodide > Bromide > Chloride (Nature of the halogen atom)
Tertiary > Secondary > Primary (kind of the halogen molecules)
Amongst the first alkyl halide, the sequence of reactivity is : CH3X > C2H5X > C3H7X, , etc.
The high reactivity of alkyl halides may be illustrate in terms of the nature of C-X bond which is highly polarised covalent bond due to large difference in the electronegativities of carbon and halogen molecules. The halogen is more electronegative than carbon and tends to pull the electrons away from carbon, i.e., halogen has a small negative charge and carbon a small positive charge.
This polarity is cause for reactions,
(i) Nucleophilic substitution reactions
(ii) Elimination reactions
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