Chemical properties

         (i) Francis experiment : According to Francis electrophile first attacks on olefinic bond.

         (ii) Reaction with hydrogen :

         (iii) Reduction of alkene via hydroboration : Alkene can be converted into alkane by protolysis

         Hydroboration : Alkene give addition reaction with diborane which called hydroboration. In that reaction created trialkylborane, Which is very useful and used for synthesis of different organic compound

            The overall result of the above relation seems to be antimarkownikoff's addition of water to a double bond.

         (iv) By treatment with AgNO₃ + NaOH :  This reaction gives coupling

         (v) Birch reduction : This reaction is believed to proceed via anionic free radical mechanism.

         (vii) Reaction with HX [Hydrohalogenation]

         According to markownikoff's principle and kharasch effect.

         According to Anti Markownikoff principle

         (viii) Reaction with hypohalous acids :

• In type of unsymmetrical alkenes markownikoff rule is followed.

         (ix) Reaction with sulphuric acid :

• This reaction is needed in the seperation of alkene from a gaseous mixture of alkanes and alkenes.

         (x) Reaction with nitrosyl chloride

(NOCl is called Tillden reagent)

• If hydrogen is attached to the carbon atom of product, the product modifies to more stable oxime.

        (xi) Ozonolysis

• Application of ozonolysis : This process is quite useful to locate the position of double bond in an alkene atom. The double bond is got by Joining the carbon molecules of the two carbonyl substances.

         (xii) Oxy - mercuration demercuration : With mercuric acetate (in THF), followed by reduction with NaBH₄/NaOH is also an example of hydration of alkene according to markownikoff's rule.

         (xiii) Polymerisation

         q    If in polymerisation zeigler- natta catalyst [(R)₃Al + TiCl₄] is used then polymerisation is known as zeigler-natta polymerisation.

Uses

            (i) For the manufacture of polythene - a plastic material;   (ii) For artificial ripening of fruits; (iii) As a general anaesthetic; (iv) As a starting material for a large number of compounds such as glycol, ethyl halides, ethyl alcohol, ethylene oxide, etc; (v) For making poisonous mustard gas (War gas);  (vi) For making ethylene-oxygen flame.

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