Current can give or speed up chemical modification, this ability of current is called chemical effect (shown by dc not by ac).
Electrolytes: The liquids which allows the current to pass through them and also dissociates into ions on passing current through them are named electrolytes e.g. resolution of salts, bases and acids in water, etc.
Those liquids which do not allow current to pass through them are called insulators (e.g. vegetable oils, distilled water etc.)
Electrolysis: The phenomenon of decomposition of electrolyte solution into ions on passing the current through it is called electrolysis.
Practical functions of electrolysis are Electrotyping, extraction of metals from the ores, Purification of metals, Manufacture of chemicals, Production of O2 and H2, Medical applications and electroplating.
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Electroplating: It is a process of depositing a thin layer of one metal over another metal by the method of electrolysis. The articles of cheap solids are coated with precious metals like silver and gold to make their look more attractive. The article to be electroplated is created the cathode and the metal to be deposited is built the anode. A soluble solution of the precious metal is taken as the electrolyte.
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Voltameter: The vessel in which the electrolysis is carried out is called a voltameter. It has two electrolyte and electrodes. It is called as electrolytic cell.
Type of voltameters:
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Voltameter
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Anode/Cathode
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Electrolyte
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Deposition
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Cu voltameter
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Cathode can be of any material but anode have to be of Cu
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CuSO4
or CuCl2
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At cathode Cu deposited
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Ag voltameter
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Cathode can be of any material but anode have to be of Ag
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AgNO3
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At cathode Ag deposited
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Water voltameter
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Both electrode are made of platinum (Pt)
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Acidulated water
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H2 and O2 gases are collects over the cathode and anode respectively in the ratio of 2 : 1
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