Cellulose :
It is found in all plants and so is the most abundant of all carbohydrates. It is the substance needed to form cell walls and other structural features of the plants. Wood is about 50% cellulose and the rest is lignin. Paper and Cotton are largely composed of cellulose.
Pure cellulose is obtained by successively reacting wool, flax, cotton or paper with dilute alkali, dilute HCl or HF. This reaction replaces mineral matter, alcohol, water and ether. Cellulose is left behind as a white amorphous powder.
Cellulose is insoluble in water and in most of the organic solution. It split on heating but does not melt. It solidifies in ammonical copper hydroxide solution (Schwitzer's reagent). Cellulose also resolves in a solution of zinc chloride in hydrochloric acid.
When it is treated with concentrated H2SO4 in cold, it slowly passes into solution. The solvent when diluted with water, a starch like molecules amyloid is precipitated and is called parchment paper. When boiled with dilute H2SO4, it is completely hydrolysed into D-glucose.
The cattle, goats and other ruminants can feed directly cellulose (grass, straw, etc.) as they have digestive enzymes (celluloses) capable of hydrolysing cellulose into glucose. Many other mammals and Man lack the useful enzymes in their digestive tract and thus cannot use cellulose as food stuff.
Cellulose is a linear sequential chain polysaccharide composed of D-glucose units which are joined by B-glycosidic linkages between C-1 of one glucose
unit and C-4 of the next glucose unit. The quantity of D-glucose molecules in cellulose ranges from 300 to 50000.
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