Cell potential or EMF of the cell
(1) Difference in the potentials of two half - cells of a cell called as electromotive force (emf) of the cell or the cell potential.
The difference in the potentials of two half - cells of a cell occurs due to the flow of electrons from anode to cathode and the flow of current from cathode to anode.
(2) The emf of the cell or cell potential can be calculated from the values of electrode potentials of two the half - cells constituting the cell. The below written three methods are in use :
(i) When the oxidation potential of anode and the reduction potential of cathode are taken into account
The Oxidation potential of anode + The Reduction potential of cathode 
(ii) When the reduction potentials of both the electrodes are taken into account
(iii) When the oxidation potentials of both electrodes are taken into account
The Oxidation potential of anode - The Oxidation potential of cathode
(3) Difference between emf and potential difference
Emf
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Potential difference
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It is the potential difference between two electrodes when no current is flowing in the circuit.
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It is the difference of the electrode potentials of the two electrodes when the cell is under operation.
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It is the maximum voltage that the cell can deliver.
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It is always less than the maximum value of voltage which the cell can deliver.
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It is responsible for the steady flow of current in the cell.
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It is not responsible for the steady flow of current in the cell.
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(4) Cell EMF and the spontaneity of the reaction : We know,
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Nature of reaction
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Spontaneous
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-
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+
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Equilibrium
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0
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0
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Non - spontaneous
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+
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-
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