Carbohydrates
The carbohydrates are naturally occurring organic molecules. They exist in both animals and plants.
"Carbohydrates are defined as a class of compounds that include polyhydric aldehydes or polyhydric ketones and large polymeric compounds that can be broken down (hydrolysed) into polyhydric aldehydes or ketones."
Carbohydrates contain >C=O and -OH groups. A carbonyl compound reacts with an alcohol to form hemiacetal.
The name of simpler carbohydrates end is -ose. Carbohydrate with an aldehydic structure are known as aldoses and those with ketonic structure as ketoses. The quantity of carbon molecules in the substance is shown by Greek prefix.
Table :
|
Number of carbon atoms in the molecule
|
Aldose
|
Ketose
|
|
3
|
Aldotriose
|
Ketotriose
|
|
4
|
Aldotetrose
|
Ketotetrose
|
|
5
|
Aldopentose
|
Ketopentose
|
|
6
|
Aldohexose
|
Ketohexose
|
|
7
|
Aldoheptose
|
Ketoheptose
|
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