Calibrate complex powertrain systems

Model-Based Calibration Toolbox renders design tools for in an optimal way calibrating complex drivetrain systems employing numeric optimization and statistical modeling. Developer can specify  develop statistical models, bring forth calibrations and test plan  and look up tables for complex high-degree-of-freedom engines that would anticipate thoroughgoing testing employing conventional methods. By employing the toolbox with MATLAB® and Simulink®, developer can formulate a procedure for consistently discovering the optimal balance of emissions,  engine execution, reuse statistical models for control design, fuel economy,  powertrain simulation or hardware-in-the-loop testing.

Prominent Attributes of Model-Based Calibration Toolbox

Interactive workflow tools for planning experiments, producing optimal calibrations and  fitting statistical models to engine data

Space-filling, optimal designs and Classical based on Design-of-Experiments methodology, for producing optimized test plans.

Techniques for formulating high-fidelity nonlinear statistical models from test data.

Radial basis and Linear regression  function modeling techniques for producing accurate fits to data.

User-definable and Built-in libraries of empiric model classes.

Boundary modeling to continue optimization outcomes inside the engine operating gasbag.

Tradeoff  and optimization and tools for figuring out calibration issues at over drive cycles or  individual operating points.

A coming into being of consult tables from optimization outcomes,  test data or  models.

Standardization of export and import links to INCA, ATI  and ETAS Vision.

Planning and Dealing Tests

Model-Based Calibration Toolbox permits developer to figure a test plan established on Design of Experiments, a methodological analysis that preserves test time by allowing developer execute only those tests that are called for to ascertain the anatomy of the engine response.

The toolbox offers a entire array of demonstrated experimental blueprints comprising:

Classical: Central-Composite, Full Factorial and  Box-Behnken.

Space-filling: Lattice and  Latin Hypercube.

Optimal:  D, A and V optimality criteria

Developer can employ the experimental blueprint to determine the test points to be execute in an engine dynamometer. Developer then contribute the test data into Model-Based Calibration Toolbox to formulate engine models.

Take the Design Editor in the toolbox, developer can bring forth, increase and with respect to vision equate designs without necessitating to know the elaborated mathematics of Design of Experiments.

Model-Based Calibration Toolbox incorporates experimental design with three to a great degree employed test schemes:

Point-by-point

Two-stage

One-stage

One-Stage Test Schemes

One-stage test schemes bring in a single source of fluctuation, among tests and are employed for executing design-space mapping and variable screening. The Design of Experiments methodology is generally employed to bring forth test plans that variegate all variables at the same time in this sort of approach.

In Model-Based Calibration Toolbox, developer can employ the one-stage test scheme to model and identify the relationships among the variables in complicated systems with various variables. For illustration, developer can test an engine at various operating control  and points actuator settings determined by a space-filling blueprint for load, air-fuel ratio  and  engine speed to formulate a execution delineation of the engine employing a response surface model.

Two-Stage Test Strategies

Two-stage test schemes bring in two sources of variation: global and local. They are employed for tasks that demand spanning a single control variable while agreeing other variables constant, as in gathering engine data by sweeping spark at a provided engine load, speed, settings,  air-fuel  and  variable valvetrain ratio. In this illustration the local variation takes place inside the test when the spark angle is altered and the global variation takes place among tests when the engine load, speed , air-fuel ratio and variable valvetrain settings are altered.

Model-Based Calibration Toolbox permits developer estimate local and global variations on an individual basis by fitting global and local models in two levels. Developer can employ two-stage modeling to represent the complicated relationships among all the variables that check the conduct of the engine.

Point-by-Point Test Schemes

Point-by-point test schemes permit developer to formulate statistical models at each functioning point of an engine with the essential truth to bring about optimal engine calibrations when two-stage test schemes can no more farseeing model engine execution reactions strictly correctly adequate. Take a point-by-point test scheme in Model-Based Calibration Toolbox, developer can accurately calibrate  and model modern gasoline direct-injection engines and various-injection diesel engines.

Modeling the Engine Envelope

The act of acquiring  data and prototyping the engine must describe for the controlling parts of the system that can be tested physically. Model-Based Calibration Toolbox permits developer add up restraints to the experimental make  and designs boundary models that depict the practicable part for simulation and testing. Supported boundary model forms comprise:

Convex hull - Minimal convex set comprising the data points

Star-shaped - Interposition of all data points on edge.

Range - Data range for every  input parametric quantity

Ellipsoid - Minimum volume ellipsoid containing all data points

Two-stage and point-by-point models render extra boundary models for these types of test plans.

Data Analysis and Response Modeling

Model-Based Calibration Toolbox employs MATLAB procedures for data analysis and visual image,nd optimization to fit the models and statistics and bring forth a graphic presentation of an conduct of the engine. The toolbox renders the Model Browser to assist developer ascertain that test points taken in the laboratory cope with the original experimental design. Applying the Model Browser, developer can synergistic fit various model types to the accumulated data.

Preprocessing Data

The toolbox renders the Design Editor for examining engine data and metamorphosing it into a class that is desirable for modeling. With the Design Editor developer can execute a assortment of preprocessing operations, comprising filtrating to get rid of undesirable data, adding up test notes to  transforming.  scaling raw data,document findings,  matching test data to experimental designs and grouping test data.

Selecting and Fitting Models

Model-Based Calibration Toolbox renders a library of empiric model types for patterning engine conduct such as emissions,  fuel consumption and  torque. Models comprise splines,  polynomials  growth models, radial basis procedures and user-defined MATLAB files.

Generating Optimal Calibrations

The Calibration Generation  tool in the Model-Based Calibration Toolbox is a graphic user interface that permits developer calibrate look up tables for the engine control unit . With the CAGE tool, developer can occupy up and optimize look up tables in ECU software employing Model Browser models. Developer can:

Bring into existence optimal calibrations immediately from empirical engine models

Examine and note the similarities or differences of calibrations with test data

Exportation of  calibrations to INCA,  ATI and   Vision

Optimizing Engine Performance

The CAGE tool permits developer bring forth optimal calibrations for look up tables that ascertain engine procedures, such as fuel injection, exhaust and inlet valve timing and  spark ignition. Calibration of these characteristics by and large comprises trade-offs among engine economy, execution, emissions and reliability. Developer can:

Make trade-offs among contending design aims

Carry out multi documentary optimizations

Act on  with various restraints

Carry out  weighted optimizations established on distinctive drive cycles

Put into custom-made or built-in  optimization routines

Keep in line table values with custom-made-made purposes.

Producing Smooth Calibration Tables

Complex calibration issues can anticipate various optimizations for various regions of a table. The table-filling wizard permits developer to additively occupy up tables from the outcomes of various optimizations with polish interposition via existing table values. The CAGE tool extrapolates the optimization outcomes to communicate smoothly via table locked cells and masks.  Take these lineaments when developer want to employ distinguish optimizations to occupy various regions of a consult table.

The CAGE tool also renders gradient restraints for ascertaining feature-based table filling and table smoothness in optimization-based.

Optimizing Engines with Different Operating Modes

Model-Based Calibration Toolbox permits developer to bring forth optimal calibrations for engines with various operating modes. Developer can employ the complicated model type to aggregate numerous models that constitute engine responses underneath various operating modes. Take the complicated model in the CAGE tool brings forth optimal calibrations for engines with various operating modes, where the destination is to occupy a table for every manner or  to occupy a single table for all manner.

Graduating Estimator Characteristics

ECU software oftentimes comprises characteristics for approximating states that are too hard or high-priced to assess in yield vehicles, such as borderline  and torque spark. Take the CAGE tool, developer can depict reckoner lineaments diagrammatically with Simulink block diagrams, occupy the consult tables for these lineaments and then equate the estimators with empiric engine models made from assessed engine data.

Carry out  Simulations in Simulink

Developer can export statistics models formulated in Model-Based Calibration Toolbox to Simulink or employ them for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing.

Plant Modeling and Optimization

Take  statistical models formulated in the toolbox to captivate real-world complicated physical developments that are hard to model employing conventional physical  and mathematical modeling. For illustration, developer can export models for emission fuel consumption and torque to Simulink and execute  fuel economy, powertrain-matching, emission and execution,  simulations to ameliorate  drivability-related controls, emission-related controls and powertrain constituent selections. As the cardinal physical constituents of the model have been deduced from assessed engine execution data, the models yield more accurate outcomes than elaborated physical models from hypothesis that do not captivate the accomplished physical development of the real-world system.

Developer can also abbreviate computationally intensifier models by producing an exact statistical alternate model of an existent elaborated high-fidelity engine model. For illustration, developer can employ the toolbox to bring forth exact, fast-executing models from complicated Simulink models or subsystems across the design space of interest. The statistical replacement can then substitute the long-executing systems in Simulink to accelerate up simulation time.

Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing

Model-Based Calibration Toolbox models transferred to Simulink can be employed in real-time simulations with hardware to allow for accurate  and fast plant model ambition to the ECU sensor and mechanism reins. As formulating models in the toolbox takes reward of a organized procedure, developer can abbreviate bottlenecks associated to the current art of HIL plant model growth, resulting in in the first place validation of ECU algorithm blueprints.

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