Calculation of oxidation number, Redox Reaction Assignment Help

Assignment Help: >> Oxidation number or Oxidation state >> Calculation of oxidation number, Redox Reaction

Procedure for calculation of oxidation number : By applying the above rules, we can calculate the oxidation numbers of elements in the molecules/ions by the following steps.

(i) Write the formula of the given molecule/ion leaving some space among the atoms.

   (ii) Write oxidation number on the top of each atom. In the case of the atom whose oxidation number has to be calculated write x.

   (iii) Beneath the formula, write down the total oxidation numbers of each element. For this particular purpose, multiply the oxidation numbers of each atom with the number of atoms of that kind in the molecule/ion. Write down the product in a bracket.

   (iv) Equate the sum of oxidation numbers to zero for the neutral molecule and equal to charge on the ion.

         (v) Solve for the value of x.

Table : 13.2 Oxidation number of some elements in compounds, ions or chemical species

Element

Oxidation
Number

Compounds, ions or chemical species

Sulphur (S)

- 2

H2S, ZnS, NaHS, (SnS3)2-, BaS, CS2

 

0

S, S4, S8, SCN-

 

+ 1

S2F2, S2Cl2

 

+ 4

SO2, H2SO3, (SO3)2-, SOCl­2, NaHSO3, Ca[HSO3]2, [HSO3]-, SF4

 

+ 6

H2SO4, (SO4)2-, [HSO4]-, BaSO4,  KHSO4, SO3, SF6­­­­, H2S2O7, (S2O7)2-

Nitrogen (N)

- 3

NH3, (NH4)+, AlN, Mg3N2, (N)3-, Ca3N2, CN-

 

- 2

N2H4, (N2H5)+

 

- 1

NH2OH

 

-1/3

NaN3, N3H

 

0

N2

 

+ 1

N2O

 

+ 2

NO

 

+ 3

HNO2, (NO2)-, NaNO2, N2O3, NF3

 

+ 4

NO2

 

+ 5

HNO3, (NO3)-, KNO3, N2O5

Chlorine (Cl)

- 1

HCl, NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3, ICl, ICl5, SOCl2, CrO2Cl2, KCl, K2PtCl6, HAuCl4, CCl4HHHhhhhkkkkkk

 

0

Cl, Cl2

 

+ 1

HOCl, NaOCl, (OCl)-, Cl2O

 

+ 3

KClO2, (ClO2)-, HClO2

 

+ 4

ClO2

 

+ 5

(ClO3)-, KClO3, NaClO3, HClO3

 

+ 7

HClO4, Cl2O7, KClO4, (ClO4)-

Hydrogen (H)

- 1

NaH, CaH2, LiAlH4, LiH

 

+ 1

NH3, PH3, HF

Phosphorus (P)

- 3

PH3, (PH4)+, Ca3P2

 

0

P4

 

+ 1

H3PO2, KH2PO2, BaH4P2O4

 

+ 3

PI3, PBr3, PCl3, P2O3, H3PO3

 

+ 5

(PO4)3-, H3PO4, Ca3(PO4)2, H4P2O7, P4O10, PCl5, (P2O7)4-, Mg2P2O7, ATP

Oxygen (O)

- 2

H2O, PbO2, (CO3)2-, (PO4)2-, SO2, (C2O4)2-, HOCl, (OH)-, (O)2-

 

- 1

Na2O2, BaO2, H2O2, (O2)2-, Peroxides

 

- 1/2

KO2

 

0

O, O2, O3

 

+ 1

O2F2

 

+ 2

OF2

Carbon (C)

- 4

CH4

 

- 3

C2HHHhhhhjkjkkkH6

 

- 2

CH3Cl, C2H4

 

- 1

CaC2, C2H2

 

0

Diamond, Graphite, C6H12O6, C2H4O2, HCHO, CH2Cl2

 

+ 2

CO, CHCl3, HCN

 

+ 3

H2C2O4, (C2O4)2-

 

+ 4

CO2, H2CO3, (HCO3)-, CCl4, Na2CO3, Ca2CO3, CS2, CF4, (CO3)-2

Chromium (Cr)

+ 3

Cr2(SO4)3, CrCl3, Cr2O3, [Cr(H2O)4Cl3]

 

+ 6

K2CrO4, (CrO4)2-, K2Cr2O7, (Cr2O7)2-, KCrO3Cl, CrO2Cl2, Na2Cr3O10, CrO3

Manganese (Mn)

+ 2

MnO, MnSO4, MnCl2, Mn(OH)2

 

+ 8/3

Mn3O4

 

+ 3

Mn(OH)3

 

+ 4

MnO2, K2MnO3

 

+ 6

K2MnO4, (MnO4)2-

 

+ 7

KMnO4, (MnO4)-, HMnO4

Silicon (Si)

- 4

SiH4, Mg2Si

 

+ 4

SiO2, K2SiO3, SiCl4

Iron (Fe)

+8/3

Fe3O4

 

+ 2

FeSO4. (NH4)2SO4 (Ferrous ammonium sulphate), K4Fe(CN)6, FeCl2

 

+ 3

K3[Fe(CN)6], FeCl3

Iodine (I)

+ 7

H4IO6-, KIO4

Osmium (Os)

+ 8

OsO4

Xenon(Xe)

+ 6

XeO3, XeF6

 

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