Empirical formula : Empirical formula of a substance gives the simplest whole number ratio between the atoms of the various elements present in one molecule of the elements. For example, empirical formula of glucose is CH2O, i.e. for each carbon atom; there are two H-atoms and one oxygen molecules. Its molecular expression is however,C6H12O6.
Calculation of empirical formula : The steps involved in the calculation are as follows,
(a) Divide the percentage of each element by its atomic volume. This provides the relative number of atoms.
(b) Divide the figures obtained in step (i) by the lowest one. This provides the simplest ratio of the several elements present.
(c) If the simplest ratio obtained in step (ii) is not a whole number ratio, then multiply each the figures with a suitable number i.e., 2, 3, etc. to make it simplest whole number ratio.
(d) Write down the symbols of the various elements side by side with the above numbers at the lower right corner of every one. This provides the empirical or the simplest formula.
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