Bus Topology: The simplest and one of the most common of all topologies, Bus made up of a single cable, called a Backbone. It has to connect all workstations on the network using a single line. Every transmission must pass through each of the connected devices to complete the preferred request. Every single workstation has its own individual signal that identifies it and allows for the requested data to be returned to the correct originator. In the case of Bus Network, messages are sent in both directions from a single point and are read by the node (computer or other peripheral on the network) identified by the code with the message. Majority of Local Area Networks (LANs) are Bus Networks because the network will continue to function even if one computer is off. This topology works equally well for both peer to peer and client server.
The function of the terminators at either end of the network is to stop the signal being reflected back.
Advantages
o Broadcasting and multicasting is much easy
o Network is redundant in the sense that failure of one node doesn't effect the network. The other part could be still function suitably
o Least costly since less amount of cabling is required and no network switches are required
o Good for minor networks not requiring higher speeds
Disadvantages
o Trouble shooting and error detection becomes a difficulty because ,logically all nodes are equal
o Less secure reason is sniffing is easier.
o Limited in size and speed.
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