Bronsted-Lowry concept : In accordance to this concept,
An acid is defined as a substance which has the tendency to give a proton (H+) and a base is defined as a substance which has a tendency to accept a proton. Or we can say that, an acid is a proton donor whereas a base is a proton acceptor.
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(i) HCl and CH3COOH are acids because they donate a proton to H2O.(ii) NH3 and CO32- are bases because they accept a proton from water.
In reaction (i), in reverse process of it, H3O+ can provide a proton and thus is an acid while Cl- can accept the proton and hence is a base. Therefore there are two acid-base pairs in reaction (i). These are HCl - Cl- and H3O+- H2O. These acid-base pairs are called conjugate acid-base pairs.
Conjugate acid ? Conjugate base + H+
Conjugate base of a strong acid is a weak base and vice a versa. Weak acid has a strong conjugate base and vice a versa.
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