Bridge Rectifier:
The single - phase full wave bridge rectifier is shown in the figure 1. It is most widely used rectifier. It provides currents in both the half cycle of input supply also.
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
In the positive half cycle, D1 & D4 are forward biased and D2 & D3 are reverse biased. In negative half cycle, D2 & D3 are forward biased, and D1 & D4 are reverse biased. The resultant output voltage waveform is shown in the figure 2 and it is same as full wave rectifier but advantage is that PIV rating of the diodes are V m and only single secondary transformer is needed.
The basic disadvantage is that it needs four diodes. When low dc voltage is needed then secondary voltage is low and diodes drop (1.4V) becomes important. For the low dc output, 2-pulse center tap rectifier is used as one diode drop is there only.
Ripple factor is measure of purity of dc output of the rectifier and is defined as
Therefore,
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