Break even Point Formula
We can arrive at the break even point using a mathematical model as shown below:
Let
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s =
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Selling price per unit of the product.
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v=
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Variable cost per unit of the product manufactured and sold.
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Q=
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Quantity (units) of the product manufactured and sold.
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F=
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Total fixed cost for the period under consideration.
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P=
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Profit for the period under consideration.
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Then we have,
Sales Revenue - Total Cost = Profit
So, sQ - [vQ + F] = P
So, (s - v) Q - F = P
We can use this equation to find the quantity QB of units to be manufactured and sold in order to break even.
Note that at the break even point profit i.e., P = 0
So the above equation becomes,
![1230_break even formula.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/1230_break even formula.png)
Since s - v = Unit contribution
We have the formula,
![1685_break even formula1.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/1685_break even formula1.png)
We may be interested in the Break Even Sales value instead of the Break Even Sales quantity.
Break Even Sales (Value)
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=
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Break Even Sales Quantity x Selling price per unit.
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![844_break even formula2.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/844_break even formula2.png)
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The above can be written as:
![142_break even formula3.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/142_break even formula3.png)
![379_break even formula4.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/379_break even formula4.png)
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is the C/S ratio (also called the P/V ratio or contribution margin) |
![1443_break even formula5.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/1443_break even formula5.png)
or
![167_break even formula6.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/167_break%20even%20formula6.png)
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