Breadth-First Traversal

In breadth first traversal of a graph one node is selected as the start position. It is visited and marked, and then all unvisited nodes adjacent to the next node are visited and marked in some sequential order. Finally, the unvisited nodes immediately adjacent to these nodes are visited and marked and so forth, until the entire graph has been traversed.

Breadth first traversal of the graph of Fig 9.18 results in visiting the nodes in the following order 1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8. The sequence 1, 3,2,6,5,4,7,8 is also a valid breadth first traversal visitation order.

The traversal algorithm uses a queue to store the nodes of each "level" of the graph as they are visited. These stored nodes are then treated one by one and their adjacent nodes are visited. These stored nodes have been visited. This terminating condition is reached when the queue is empty.

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