When two different sound rays of slightly different frequencies, traveling in a phase along the similar direction, superimpose on one other, the intensity of the resultant sound at a particular position arises and falls regularly with time interval. This process of regular variation in intensity of sound with time at a particular point is known as beats.

Important points

(1) One beat : If the intensity of sound is maximum at time t = 0, one beat is called formed when intensity converts into maximum again after becoming minimum once in between.

(2) Beat period : The time interval between two successive beats is known as beat period.

(3) Beat frequency : The number of beats provided per second is known as beat frequency.

(4) Persistence of hearing : The impression of sound heard by our ears persist in our mind for 1/10^th of a second. If another sound is heard before 1/10 second is over, the impression of the two sound mixes up and our mind cannot differentiate between the two. So for the creation of distinct beats, frequencies of two sources of sound could be nearly same.

(5) Equation of beats : If two rays of same amplitudes 'a' and slightly different frequencies n₁ and n₂ traveling in a phase in the similar direction are.

                        y₁ = a sinω₁t = a sinπn₁t ; y₂ = a sinω₂t = a sin2πn₂t 

            By the principle of superposition: y = y₁+y₂

                        y = A sinπ(n₁ + n₂)t

            where A = 2a cosπ(n_{1 -} n₂)t = Amplitude of resultant wave.

(6) Beat frequency : n = n₁ ~ n₂.

(7) Beat period : T=1/(n₁ -n₂)

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