The large amount of friction between the tyres and the road would affect the tyres. To minimize the wearing out of tyres the road bend is banked, i.e. the outer part of the road is raised a little so that the road slopes towards the center of the curved track. Take as a car of mass m is moving around a banked track in a circular path of radius R as shown in Fig. Let N1 and N2 be the reaction at each tyre due to the road. Then the total reaction is N = N1 + N2 acting in the middle of the car. If θ is the angle of the banking, the vertical component N cosθ supports the weight mg of the car while the horizontal component N sinθ provides the necessary centripetal force.
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Thus, and
Also F = μN
Where F is the force of friction action acting radically inwards on the car. These equations provide
and
The first equation calculate the proper banking angle for given v, R and μ, and the second equation the maximum speed at which the car can successfully negotiate the curve for given R, μ and θ.
For given θ and R, there is an optimum (best) speed for negotiating a banked curve at which there will be the least tear and wear, i.e. when friction is not needed at all ( μ= 0). If μ= 0, this speed is = (Rg tanθ )1/2
The car will not skid if the angle of banking of the track satisfies the equation,
A Cyclist Negotiating a Curved Level Surface
While negotiating a curved level surface, a cyclist has to lean inwards which give the necessary centripetal force which prevents him from falling down. Diagram shows a cyclist leaning at an angle θ with the vertical. N is the normal reaction which is shown by
N = mg
Where m is the mass of the cyclist plus the bicycle. The tension of friction between the road and the tiers is , F = μN = mg
The cyclist will skid if the centripetal force mV2/R exceeds the frictional tension F, i.e. if
Where R is the radius of the curved surface. Thus skidding occurs if
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