Automated guided vehicles (AGVs)
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are the systems that can be used to store and retrieve inventory items from stock. These AGVs replace traditional materials handling equipment, like manually operated trucks, hydraulic, hand pallet trucks, and straddle trucks. Today, several firms use AGVs to carry out their materials handling functions effectively. Refer to Exhibit 12.3 for information on AGVs used at General Motors.
The semi-automatic AGVs (a combination of computer and human control) can move independently on their guided paths to a specific workstation and then signal (using built-in horns or lights) to the operator to perform the required operation. Once the operator completes the operation, the AGV moves to the next workstation to carry out the next series of tasks. The guided paths on which these AGVs move consist of strips of magnetic tape on the floor and the sensor attached to the AGV directs the vehicle to follow the path.
Exhibit 12.3
AGVs at General Motors
The General Motors (GM) automobile plant located at Flint, Michigan, uses a type of computer controlled materials handling equipment, called Portec automated guided vehicles (AGVs). These AGVs are small size self-powered electronic cars whose movement is guided by a computer attached to them. These AGVs are engaged with transferring of car engines from workstation to workstation when performing assembly operations. The benefits derived from the use of AGVs include:
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Better control of material flow, because the worker can identify problems at each workstation and then allow the AGV to proceed to the next workstation.
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Greater flexibility in production operations, as the AGVs can be programmed to go in any order to any of the workstations.
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Higher product quality and productivity, as these systems operate with great accuracy.
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A cleaner and safer work environment.
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