Atomic radii:

3d series of elements of the atomic radii are contras along with there neighbouring s and p block parts

* in pm units

The characteristics of Atomic radii of the transition elements are given below:

(a) The d-block elements atomic radii and atomic volumes in any series reduce with increase in atomic number. The decrement is not regular. Here atomic radii are tend to reach the minimum close to the center of given series and as same increase a little towards the end of series.

Description: When we go from left transition to right, the nuclear charge increases slowly through one unit at each element. In the inner d- shell the added electrons enter same penultimate shell. Those are the outermost electrons which are added shield from attraction of the nuclear charge. At the beginning of the series, since of smaller number of electrons in the d-orbitals then effect of the increased nuclear charge predominates or atomic radii decrease. The increased nuclear charge tends to reduce the atomic radii, since the added electrons tend to raise atomic radii. After in the series, while the number of the d-electrons increases, the increase within the shielding effect and the increase within the repulsion between the electrons tend to increase the atomic radii. Anywhere in the center of the series, thus the atomic radii tend to have a minimum value as observed.

 (b) As we go down in every group an atomic radii increase. Although, when ever we come at the third transition series from the hafnium (Hf) and onwards the elements have atomic radii almost equal to those of the second transition elements.

Description: Atomic radii are automatic increase while it going down the group because of the introduction of the other shell and every new elements are because of special effect that effect are called as lanthanide contraction.

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