Aromatic Hydrocarbon
(1) Source of Arenes
Source of arenes is coal. It contains benzene, xylene, naphthalene etc. Arenes are obtained by destructive distillation of coal.
(2) Distillation of coal
- Coal tar is a jumble of big numbers of arenes.
(3) Distillation of coal tar : Arenes are isolated by fractional distillation of coal tar,
Table :
Name of the fraction
|
Temperature range (K)
|
Main constituents
|
|
Light oil (or crude oil) fraction
|
Upto 443
|
Benzene, toluene, xylene
|
|
Middle oil fraction (Carbolic oil)
|
443-503
|
Phenol, naphthalene, pyridine
|
|
Heavy oil fraction (Creosote oil)
|
503-543
|
Naphthalene, naphthol and cresol
|
|
Green oil (Anthracene oil)
|
543-633
|
Anthracene, phenanthrene
|
|
Pitch (left as residue)
|
Non-volatile
|
Carbon
|
- The residue gone after fractional distillation of coal-tar is called pitch.
(4) Isolation of benzene
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