1. To measure temperature : A thermocouple is used to measure very high (2000°C) as well as very low (- 200°C) temperature in industries and laboratories. The thermocouple used to calculate very high temperature is called pyrometer.
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2. To detect heat radiation : A thermopile is a sensitive instrument used for detection of heat radiation and measurement of their volume. It is related upon Seebeck effect.
A thermopile have of a number of thermocouples of Sb-Bi, all connected in series.
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This machine is so sensitive that it can check heat radiations from a match stick lighted at a distance of 50 metres from the thermopile.
3. Thermoelectric refrigerator : The working of thermoelectric refrigerator is based on Peltier effect.
4.Thermoelectric generator : Thermocouple can be used to generate electric power using Seebeck effect in remote areas.
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5. Thero-couple meter : The current to be measured passes through a resistance where heat is generated in the amount of i2R joule/sec. The hot junction of the thermocouple is in contact with this resulting, resistance and thermoelectric current provides deflection in the galvanometer G.
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Thermo-electric effects and Heating effect
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S.No.
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Joule's effect
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Peltier's effect
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Seebeck effect
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Thomson's effect
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1.
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Heat produced is directly proportional to the square of the current passing through a conductor.
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Heat produced or absorbed at a junction is proportional to the current through the junction.
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Here temperature difference of junction is used to produce thermo e.m.f. and vice-versa.
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Thomson's heat is proportional to the current passing through the conductor.
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2.
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This effect is produced due to collision of free electrons with positive ions of the current carrying conductor.
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This effect is produced when current is passed through junction of suitable materials.
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This effect produced when junctions of a thermocouple are kept at different temperatures.
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This effect is produced when parts of same conductor are kept at different temperature.
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3.
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It is not a reversible effect.
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It is reversible effect.
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It is a reversible effect.
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It is a reversible effect.
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4.
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Heat produced depends upon resistance (and thus temperature also) of the conductor.
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Heat exchange depends upon nature of conductors and temperature of the junctions.
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This effect depends upon nature of materials used to form junctions and temperature of junctions.
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This effect depends upon nature of conductor and temperature difference of different parts of the conductor.
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5.
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It is basically a heating effect
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It can be heating as well as cooling effect.
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Different junctions are at different temperature.
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It is heating as well as cooling effect.
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